This is an fMRI study intended to establish whether intravenous anesthetics (propofol, dexmedetomidine, and Thiopental) cause a common change in amygdala and hippocampal function during memory processes (encoding and recognition of emotive and non-emotive visual stimuli), or whether the effects on these brain structures are dissociable. This study received funding from the Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (Research Starter Grant) and National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA; K08 GM083213).